Cleopatra and Caesar
The face cards of the Minor Arcana suits are all based on historical and mythological characters, and for the Staffs we have the story of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar. Cleopatra had hoped her relationship and son with Julius Caesar would result in her becoming the Queen of Rome, but it -ahem- just wasn't in the cards.
Julius Caesar is newly in control of the Ptolemaic dynasty, after having helped Cleopatra defeat her brother Ptolemy XIII's forces. He named Cleopatra and Egypt "friends of Rome," effectively obscuring their union.
Cleopatra's political union with Rome and son with Caesar have been ignored. Caesar did not publicly acknowledge their son despite her many declarations, even staying in Rome after Caesar was assassinated in hopes their son would be named heir to Rome. When that didn't happen, she returned to Egypt and had the pharoah killed to install herself and son as co-rulers.
Cleopatra hired Celtic mercenary bodyguards from Europe for their size, skill, and intimidating appearance, but it may have soured some Romans as they fought wars against "barbarian" tribes all the time.
Ptolemaic hypaspists were shield-bearers and apprentices to the bodyguards and soldiers of the dynasty.
The crook and flail were symbols of Egyptian authority. The shephard's crook stood for kingship and the leading of your flock, and the flail stood for fertility of the land and people.
The gladius was the mass-produced preferred weapon of Roman foot soldiers during the time of Julius Caesar
Minted coin of Ptolemy VI - to be totally honest, he didn't really have much to with Caeser and Cleopatra other than being Cleopatra's great-great-great-grandfather.
Ptah was a creator god who was highly revered in the Ptolomaic era. His staff was a symbol of life and stability.
Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March (March 15th), a day notable to Romans as a day of settling debts. The front shows daggers that killed Caesar, and a pileius cap - a Roman symbol of freedom. There are currently only 3 known gold versions of the coin in existence.